The Israeli government initiated a major operation involving dozens of fighter jets targeting Iran’s primary uranium enrichment facility, ballistic missile sites, and high-ranking military personnel. The Mossad intelligence agency conducted sabotage operations against Iran’s air defense systems and missile batteries. Reports from Iranian state media indicated that notable casualties included senior military leaders and nuclear scientists, particularly Hossein Salami, the commander of Iran’s Revolutionary Guard Corps.
Israel has shown a capability to operate within Iran with minimal repercussions over the past year, successfully executing assassination missions and bombing critical air defense installations without suffering losses. Previous Israeli strikes in October and April 2024 targeted Iran’s vital S-300 air defense networks and facilities for developing solid-fuel ballistic missiles, resulting in significant damage to Iran’s air defense capacity. According to Michael Knights from the Washington Institute for Near East Policy, the vastness of Iran makes it challenging to protect all targets against a technologically superior opponent like Israel.
Despite Israel’s demonstrated ability to inflict damage on Iran’s nuclear infrastructure, experts assert that Israel lacks the heavy munitions and aircraft necessary to effectively target deeply buried nuclear sites. Military analysts and former U.S. and Israeli officials emphasize that while Israel can strike key facilities, the physical constraints of its current arsenal limit its capacity to neutralize certain critical aspects of Iran’s nuclear program. Consequently, the long-term impact of these operations on Iran’s capabilities remains uncertain.
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